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Synth Basics: FM Synthesis

By Greg Ripes
greg@audioMIDI.com

March 8, 2002

 

Frequency modulation of a waveform or signal was originally used in radio, hence FM radio and has been in use since the early 1900’s. Dr John Chowning of Stanford is credited with creating FM synthesis in the early 1970’s, but only really analyzed the mathematical relationships. This lead to Chowning being able to predict the results of FM and he published his findings. It was not until the early 1980’s that Yamaha used Chowning’s FM design and released their extremely popular DX series. FM synthesis is possible on analog synthesizers, especially modular systems. There were a number of people creating FM sounds on analog synthesizers long before Yamaha released the DX series.

At the most basic level FM synthesis uses two oscillators; one is called a carrier while the other is modulator. The modulator is used to "modulate" the frequency of the carrier (the oscillator you hear). By modulating the carrier you can create harmonically rich waveforms not possible by other types of synthesis.

 

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